Discussion Questions In Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Questions In Class - Essay Example A limited liability partnership is an organization in which a number of partners or all of them have limited liability. It is true that this type of organization provides the protection of limited liability, characteristics of a corporation and tax advantages of a partnership, and that there exists many similarities between the limited liability corporation and this kind of partnership. According to Sutton (2001), the limited liability corporation reports its income on a â€Å"schedule corporation tax form and computes its self-employment tax on a schedule self employment tax form†. In the case of multiple member liability limited corporation, self employment tax is paid on the member’s allocations on profits. The corporation’s income is reported separately on a 1065 tax return for partnership with each partner computing the bills for self employment tax on their allocations of partnership gains on the schedule self employment tax forms that go along with the 1040 returns on personal tax (Clifford and Warner 2008). It is therefore not true to say that the profit is not subject to self employment tax. A corporation is taxed and also files taxes. It is also important to note that individuals in the partnership are protected against joint liability in the case of one partner or many in the business commits an act of malpractice or misconduct. It is only the assets of the member who has been proofed to have caused failure due to negligence which are attached in case of business failure (Sutton 2001). When it is treated as a corporation, pay self employment tax is not charged on the corporation’s profit. However, according to Sutton (2001), the 1120 of the liability Limited Corporation reports the corporate income tax that is subjected on the profits. The corporation is usually limited by the shares. Non U.S. residents are allowed to own limited liability corporations. It is

The Research Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The Research Project - Assignment Example The rate of usage or even its rate of vacancy is a vital variable for the industry of hospitality. Just the way the owner of a company would wish that a productive tool is put into use as much as possible (unlike the paying of fixed costs whereas the company is not productive) so do hotels, restaurants and theme parks try to capitalize on the number of clients in all sectors. This resulted in the establishment of services with the objective of increasing the rate of usage offered by the consolidators of hotels. Information regarding the provided or needed items is brokered on the networks of business that are used by sellers and buyers. The objectives of this research are establishment of the evolution and growth of the industry of tourism, and its trends. Rationale The study of tourism as a field of academics is a recent matter, and has over the last few years seen rapid developments in the research focus together with methodological sophistication. The tracking of these changes off ers insights into the development and growth of research in the field, and citing the areas that require further focus. The industry of tourism and hospitality in the United Kingdom has come up as one of the major industries that drive the growth and development of the services sectors in the industry (Pechlaner et al., 2009). Tourism in the United Kingdom and the world as a whole has seen considerable development in the recent years and the nation has serious potential of becoming a major destination for tourists. The tourism industry of the country is doing well because of a rise in the number of tourists that come from abroad and greater number of the citizens that travel to the domestic destinations to view various attractions. Over the past few years, the actual growth has come from within the local sector since more than ten million people from within the country travel to see the attractions in a year. This consequently leads to a growth in the per capita income and improved lifestyles. This research therefore intends to establish the evolution and growth of the industry of tourism, and its trends. Research Ethics The researcher will apply Human Research Ethics for the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The major concern for this research will be the safety of the participants. This will be attained by assessing the risks and possible gains of the research and by using the information available for monitoring the progress of the project. Participants’ written approval will be sought and they will be informed that the information gathered for the research project will not be used for any other purpose than the intended. Care will also be taken to protect confidential and sensitive information and participants will be informed of any unanticipated findings that may affect them. Literature review According to Dann et al (2008), taking a look at different industries, we find that barriers to entry by the new entrants and competitiv e advantage between the existing players are very fundamental. Among some other things, the players in the industry of hospitality and tourism find benefits in the old classics (site), initial and continuing support on investment (which is reflected in the facilities material maintenance and the luxuries situated within), and specific themes of promotion arm that the

Effects of Prevalence Expectation on Visual Search Behaviour

Effects of Prevalence Expectation on Visual Search Behaviour Page | 1 Introduction The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of prevalence expectation on visual search behaviour and cognitive function in radio-diagnosis of the adult chest radiograph and its impact upon medical expert witness testimony in malpractice litigation. Research into radiological error has consistently demonstrated disparity in radiological performance. Most studies of radiology error report significant rates of intra and inter observer variability. The pertinent question is why do radiologists make mistakes? â€Å"Conventionally, radiologists produce diagnoses on the basis of a combination of their training, experience, and individual judgment. Radiologists perceive and recognise image patterns and associate or infer a diagnosis consistent with those patterns.† [1] Accurate results depend upon the radiologist’s ability to recognise a lesion, ignore irrelevant details, and retrieve pertinent memories in order to accurately interpret an image. The radiologists primary task is to accurately identify a range of anatomical structures and pathological findings on medical images. The diagnostic process in radiology is not well understood. Basically, radiologists perceive and recognise image patterns and then associate or infer a diagnosis consistent with such patterns. Appearances on a radiograph are silhouettes of normal and abnormal anatomy. Each shadow represents a projection of layers of detail on a two dimensional surface from a three-dimensional object. The successful detect ion of the target and the time required to seek it out depends upon a number of external factors Much information needs to be processed by the radiologist during the interpretation of such shadows. The disease pattern, The clinical and demographic information relating to the patient The differential diagnoses pertaining to such a pattern. The experience of the radiologist A general aspect of everyday life is looking for a particular target amongst an assortment of other (distracting) items. Visual Search is one task that is performed routinely from radiological diagnosis to finding a definitive research text in a library. Visual search is an essential element in the cognitive process and is the interaction between the visual system, its target and the reader’s subsequent decision. Each experiment was conducted in a controlled laboratory environment, but were designed to simulate, as near as possible, the clinical arena. Expectation is explored by manipulating the information given to radiologists between general clinical information and very specific clinical information, thereby encouraging each radiologist to formulate an individual expectation of abnormal prevalence in the images presented to them. We then measured any subsequent change in behaviour as the subjects’ biases shifted. It was hypothesised thata radiologist would vary their decisions at the cost of more or less false alarms. This is termed criterion shift. The amount by which a radiologist considers false alarms to achieve a higher rate of detection is termed the bias. Bias represents an approach to lessen the consequences of a missed target. What is visual search? In a visual search task, subjects look for a target item among a number of distracting items. [1] After breaking down an image into its distinct components, the visual system directs attention to unusual areas for further analysis. This act of looking for and selecting an anomalous feature on a radiographic image is termed visual search, and is the task performed by radiologists daily. At a very basic level, there are generally considered two types of visual search termed pre-attentive and attentive. A great deal of research has been conducted regarding the differences between these two types of visual search and the factors that affect performance during each [2, 3]. Pre-attentive search has been given a number of labels including efficient search, parallel search, easy or effortless search [1] and automatic detection [4]. In this type of search, the targets are anticipated to contain features which are processed pre-attentively [5], basically drawing attention to themselves. In this type of search, the target appears immediately to the observer, requiring little search effort. For example when searching for the letter X on a page of letter Os or for a red target in a mass of blue targets. Attentive search also referred to as inefficient search [1] serial search [4] and controlled search [2] refers to a complicated search in which attention must be given to targets much less obvious. These components are influenced respectively by the characteristics of the environment (e.g., saliency of targets and distracters) and learned search strategies. The distinction between these two types of search is consistent with the view that search is driven by both bottom up and top down processes [6] wherein bottom up processes drive attention due to salient features in an environment or target features and top down processes drive attention through the function of search strategies such as the direction of attention to locations of high priority. Experienced radiologists develop a mental global impression of a standard radiograph [7, 8] sometimes called a target template [9] and in some instances use pre-attentive search as the abnormality is almost instantaneously visible. Conversel y they may use the second approach in more difficult cases. Recognising how these factors influence target detection helps to understand real-world search tasks and cognitive psychology. Together, the results can help to show how different influences affect visual search in the performance of real-life search tasks as in medical radiology, and airport baggage security. Fiore et al [10]) define threat detection in an airport screening task as the ability to rapidly recognise targets in the environment and interpret the meaning and importance of these cues. Nodine et al [11] break the radiological interpretation task down into three elements, describing the task as consisting of a search for, the recognition of an abnormality and the decision made regarding the abnormality. Many occupations depend on the speedy and effective execution of a visual search. Surf life savers in Australia are trained to search the ocean for rips, sharks and for swimmers in difficulty. Diamond cutters need to be able to evaluate the cutting potential of a rough diamond and need to be able to look at a diamond crystal and determine whether it will yield a large enough gemstone to make a profit.The quality and price will vary greatly based on the cut quality [12]. Airport baggage security screeners are trained using Threat Image Projection (TIP) technology to detect potential threat items within an X-ray image that may contain harmless clutter. There are various features which might hamper a successful visual search, including item superimposition, different viewpoints, rotation of the item and general image complexity. A number of other demands may also influence search, including psychosocial pressure (a busy airport might provoke a too rapid search), expectation (a threat it em is a rare occurrence), boredom and the number of different targets added to the list of dangerous or suspicious items. Errors in these areas are potentially life-threatening, expensive or both. In the medical arena, diagnosis in cytology and radiology are two areas that are dependent upon visual search. Clinical understanding and proficiency in visual pattern recognition serve as the basis for diagnosis by radiologists and pathologists [13]. Error in Radiology Imaging departments must offer a top quality radiological service with as little risk to the patient as is possible. It is therefore incumbent upon radiology department to address any problematic areas and try to reduce the causes of error. The accuracy of the radiological report is one element of the patient’s care. In radio-diagnosis, errors are either of perception or cognition [14]. Perceptual errors occur when targets (tumours, infection) are not visualised. A cognitive error occurs when an abnormality is seen but the radiologist draws the wrong conclusions due to unsound diagnostic reasoning. Diagnostic errors are classified as either false positive (FP) or false negative (FN). A false positive decision is due to the interpretation of a presumed target as pathological when it is in fact normal. A false-negative is an abnormality that is present but is not perceived. FN errors errors are five times more likely than FP errors [15], whilst perceptual errors are four times more frequent than decision making errors [14]. Radio-diagnosis not an exact science. Approximately 4% of Radiological interpretations contain errors, fortunately, most of these errors are clinically insignificant, or if serious errors are found, they are promptly corrected causing no harm to patients [16]. Identifying and locating items can be challenging especially when one is uncertain of where, or even what, to look for. Difficulties are more likely to occur when observers must locate the target’s position rather than simply detect the target’s presence [17]. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand error in radio-diagnosis. This issue has been recognised for a number of years. In the 1940s, Garland [18] found that 10-20% of chest radiographs of patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) were read differently by different observers and a study by Quekel et al [19] observed that 19% of lung cancers presenting as a nodule on chest radiographs were missed. Another study [20] identified major diagnostic variation between three experienced radiologists interpreting medical images of patients in an emergency department. In this study the level of diagnostic agreement between the radiologists varied according to the anatomical area examined. Levels of agreement were abdomen (51%), chest (61%) and musculoskeletal (74%). There are a number of influences that affect the perception and diagnosis of chest lesions. Of these influences, prevalence expectation has had very little study. Target prevalence and prevalence expectation Prevalence expectation or bias occurs when expectations about an outcome influences a subject’s behaviour. In radiology this can be a factor during diagnosis. For statistical reasons, laboratory studies of visual search in typically include targets on 50% of all trials and participants often recognise that any given trial has an equal chance of having a target or not. However, real-life searches are seldom so balanced. In airport security, baggage screeners view numerous x-ray images of suitcases, but the incidence of a dangerous item happens infrequently. Consequently, one issue in visual search is exploring how a difference in target prevalence modifies searcher expectation and subsequent detection performance. This issue has been raised in multiple domains, including vigilance studies, radio-diagnostic perception, and cognitive psychology. In routine radiological examinations, the occurrence of abnormalities is generally low. This frequency fluctuates depending on the demographics of the population and the anatomical area being examined. However, in all cases, a mis-diagnosis might result in serious consequences. Research within radiology has therefore attempted to show whether low target prevalence is responsible for diagnostic error. Whilst a number of studies, within the medical and non-medical domains, have investigated whether the number of targets present (prevalence) can affect performance. [21, 22, 23, 24], there has been almost no research undertaken regarding the effect of prevalence expectation.

The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine Essay -- H.G. Wells Time Mac

The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine H.G Wells was born in Bromley Kent on the 21st September 1866. He had attended school called Midhurst Grammar in 1883, soon after he had gone to the normal school of science in London. There he had learned biology, which could lead to why he had written science fiction novels. He had left the school without the qualifications to become a writer. He began his career as a writer in 1893 and then continued to create stories, such as the Time Machine. H.G Wells had studied the fourth dimension as he felt very strongly about this issue. The fourth dimension was about moving back and fourth in time. H.G wells had tried to create his own time machine. He had stated â€Å"anyone enters the fourth dimension must have extension†. Another way of looking at the fourth dimension is just looking at time. H.G Wells was always looking into the future and had come across many theories which he had expanded on. H.G Wells was attracted to the future. He thought there should be a division, doom and salvation. He had predicted the 20th century precisely; that the streets would be overflowing, a new deadlier weapon of mass destruction would exist and the creation of bigger buildings. H.G Wells had hated the difference between the rich and the poor as he felt that this gap between them was growing. In his childhood H.G Wells was classed as being part of the poorer community, because his mum and dad were both domestic servants. In the Victorian days domestic servants was looked down upon. He strongly disagreed with the Victorian society that he joined in political parties against them. As he aged he became part of the upper class community. From his experiences of both divisions... ...ich is why they didn’t want to learn the English language. The time traveller found this difficult to overcome because in the Victorian times they was accomplishing and trying to discover more. The time traveller then continues travelling into the future, and he could see the earth ending because of the effects of global warming. The global warming had not even been discovered in the Victorian times and yet H.G Wells was thinking forward once again. The time traveller then returns home he won’t sit down to dinner with his friends until he has had a wash because in the Victorian times this is what they considered to be in a lower class, not being clean. Throughout this essay I have explored the humanity in the time machine and have related it to the social and historical influences that would have affected H.G Wells at the time it was written. The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine Essay -- H.G. Wells Time Mac The Theme of Humanity in the Time Machine H.G Wells was born in Bromley Kent on the 21st September 1866. He had attended school called Midhurst Grammar in 1883, soon after he had gone to the normal school of science in London. There he had learned biology, which could lead to why he had written science fiction novels. He had left the school without the qualifications to become a writer. He began his career as a writer in 1893 and then continued to create stories, such as the Time Machine. H.G Wells had studied the fourth dimension as he felt very strongly about this issue. The fourth dimension was about moving back and fourth in time. H.G wells had tried to create his own time machine. He had stated â€Å"anyone enters the fourth dimension must have extension†. Another way of looking at the fourth dimension is just looking at time. H.G Wells was always looking into the future and had come across many theories which he had expanded on. H.G Wells was attracted to the future. He thought there should be a division, doom and salvation. He had predicted the 20th century precisely; that the streets would be overflowing, a new deadlier weapon of mass destruction would exist and the creation of bigger buildings. H.G Wells had hated the difference between the rich and the poor as he felt that this gap between them was growing. In his childhood H.G Wells was classed as being part of the poorer community, because his mum and dad were both domestic servants. In the Victorian days domestic servants was looked down upon. He strongly disagreed with the Victorian society that he joined in political parties against them. As he aged he became part of the upper class community. From his experiences of both divisions... ...ich is why they didn’t want to learn the English language. The time traveller found this difficult to overcome because in the Victorian times they was accomplishing and trying to discover more. The time traveller then continues travelling into the future, and he could see the earth ending because of the effects of global warming. The global warming had not even been discovered in the Victorian times and yet H.G Wells was thinking forward once again. The time traveller then returns home he won’t sit down to dinner with his friends until he has had a wash because in the Victorian times this is what they considered to be in a lower class, not being clean. Throughout this essay I have explored the humanity in the time machine and have related it to the social and historical influences that would have affected H.G Wells at the time it was written.

A home is an important investment

A home is an important investment, and the prices reflect this all over the United States. In some states, finding the perfect house for your budget is more difficult than in other, and this has proven to be so in New Jersey. The purpose of this research was to find out the availability of good houses in New Jersey at prices that would be affordable a member of the lower-to-middle income families. Specifically, a three or four bedroom two-storey house with two bathrooms, equipped with natural gas energy, a basement, separate dining and kitchen, and a large backyard.This proved to be rather difficult in Vineland, New Jersey as most houses of this description any where in the state exceed the $200,000 that is the budget for this project. To begin with, I calculated the amount of down-payment I was able to afford at $7000. Traditionally, down-payments have been 20% (Bruss), but I was able to find a bank that would offer 95% financing with private mortgage insurance (PMI). For a family o f four seeking a house with three or four bedrooms and two bathrooms, even with no other parameters, finding one for under $200,000 was difficult.After searching several sites on the internet, newspaper, and calling real-estate agencies, the lowest price located was initially $310,000. Though the one of the lowest-priced on the market, this house did have central heating. It was more than ten years old, however, which was older than I had hoped. I chose the neighborhood Vineland because I sought an area with a good public school system at a location outside of the city. I also sought a place that had low property taxes, but that was difficult to find.The Newark Star-Ledger announced a â€Å"drastic increase in New Jersey property taxes,† declaring that the state has the highest property taxes in all of the United States, averaging $10,000 in 36 municipalities (Donohue). Therefore, finding a house with a reasonable tax rate was a virtual impossibility. These requirements prove d to be a challenge since, according to The Daily Journal of Vineland, â€Å"Through the centuries, New Jersey has relied on property taxes to finance schools and local services† (Baldwin). This suggested that the better funded the school system, the higher the property tax would be.It was necessary to find a house of at least three bedrooms as there are two children in this family of four. The four-year-old needs a backyard to play in, preferably one with trees, and a septic tank would be too much to handle. Houses in the suburbs generally have trees in the backyard, (though there were none at that price). I did find a two-story house for that price with a backyard, basement, and three bedrooms, but not in Vineland, and it had only one bathroom (Foxtons). It also had an attractive property tax rate, but the sewer was septic and it was 50 years old.Further searching led to a very nice home in Vineland with all the required amenities, including separate formal living and dinin g rooms, city sewer, a garage. It also had a fireplace and four bedrooms. The well-funded and vibrant public school system was an added attraction (Vineland Public Schools). It was, however, 31-40 years old and being sold for $269,000. In addition, the property taxes were approximately two times as high as the $200,000 house and the average down-payment was $13,495. (Century 21).The research found that though many opportunities exist to purchase a nice home, one has to be willing to pursue a very diligent and detailed search. Though houses exist that fit the spectrum of buyers’ desires, it is necessary to have a reasonable sum at your disposal for spending on the house of your dreams. It was difficult to find a house that fit the description (three bedrooms, two bathrooms, separate kitchen and dining, basement, central heating, excellent public school system, under ten years old) for as low as $200,000. However, a few nice ones existed for little over $50,000 more.Although th e perfect home is yet to be located, I am hopeful that all the possibilities have not yet been exhausted, as the search has brought me closer to my goal. Works Cited Baldwin, Tom. â€Å"Governor Did Little to Ease Property Tax Burden. † The Daily Journal. Vineland. 2004. Available: http://www. thedailyjournal. com/apps/pbcs. dll/ article? AID=/20041115/NEWS01/411150337/1002 Bruss, Robert J. â€Å"How to Buy Real Estate for Nothing Down. † Loans USA. 2004. Available: http://www. 1loansusa. com/articles/Articles06_11_04/news1. html Centruy 21. â€Å"Property Details: Vineland, NJ 08361.† Available: http://www. century21. com/buy/property_detail. aspx? teasers=property-detail- pic+Property+Detail+with+Pictures&tr_key=31891830&bSite=N&Zip=08361 Donohue, Joe and Tom Hester. â€Å"Drastic Increase in New Jersey Property Taxes. † The (Newark) Star Ledger. 2005. Available: http://www. ire. org/extraextra/archives/000870. html. Foxtons. â€Å"New Brooklyn Road, B erlin† Camden. Available: http://www. thedailyjournal. com/apps/pbcs. dll/article? AID=/20041115/NEWS01/411150 337/1002 Vineland Public Schools. â€Å"Technology. † Author. Available: http://www. vineland. org/ technology/index. htm

Court Essay

COURT ASSIGNMENT DETAIL COURT ASSIGNMENT IS DUE BY MARCH 25, 2013 USE THE INFORMATION BELOW AS A GUIDELINE Report to include the date and time of your attendance. The court rooms you observed. – Observe criminal proceedings and identify terms discussed in class such as bail, show cause, probation, sentences, incarceration, parole, conditional sentence, curfews, restitution, diversion, warrants, etc. – Provide a brief synopsis of your observations incorporating concepts discussed in class. – Maximum 4 typed pages plain white copy paper – One staple in top left corner 35 % of your total mark – Name and student number on title page – Document must be professional in appearance There is a template attached that you may use. The Court I attended was Court of Justice. On March 21 2013 after my classes and I got there on time for the court session at 11:00 a. m. It was my first time entering court, the security was very strict, they looked through m y purse and made me take everything out of my pockets. After the security check I started looking for courtrooms with trials going on I entered a very interesting Courtroom 10 on the 6th floor.There was many people waiting in that courtroom including attorneys, but the attorneys were standing by the defendants. The trail was open to the public’ the crown stated the facts about the ( ) this wasn’t a jury trail the judge made the decision. As the Crown sated the facts, the Accused was arrested in September 13, 2011 for distribution of narcotics and prohibited firearms position. The offender was released on conditional sentence due to the judge was satisfied that the offender did not pose danger to the community.The offender has been on house arrest until the date of his trail and he breached his condition five times. On March 2nd, 2013 the accused was having an argument at home with his family and he decided to leave the house for a walk to cool down and the police spot him and ran his name through the system and found that he wasn’t supposed to be outside of the resident. He was arrested without a warrant and taken to custody and was advised of his legal rights. He was convicted five times due to his failure of his bail.He was found guilty of violating his bail and in most cases it is difficult to receive another release on bail in the future. The crown argued that the accused is guilty of three matters of breach and asked for jail time. The accused failed under section 145 under the criminal code. â€Å" Failure to comply with appearance notice or promise to appear† failure to section 145 will a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years b) offence punishable on summary conviction.On my 27th 2012 the accused lost his assured, on September 13th 2012, July 6th 2012, March 2nd 2013 was the dates of his convictions. He will be serving 18 additional days in custody. The judge asked the accused if he pleads guilty to all the accusations and he said â€Å" yes your honor† and asked him again if he is influenced under alcohol or drugs, and his answer was â€Å" no your honor† then the accused left the court room and was taken back to custody. The Judge found him guilty and made the decision to stay in custody until trail date.